Let's We Know About Fire Hazard And How To Prevent Fire Hazards In The Workplace.
By fire hazard, we mean an uncontrolled conversion. Hazards are caused by unconscious activities of nature or human beings. Combustion is defined as the self-sustaining exothermic oxidation of combustible matter in the presence of air or oxygen above ambient temperature.
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Start Of A Fire: -
A fire can start if the following elements are present.
Combustible Material (Fuel).
Air (Oxigen).
A Source Of Ignition.
A chemical reaction can then occur in which the combustible material (Fuel) reacts with oxygen.
All matter exists in one of three states; Solid, Liquid, or Gas (Vapor). The atoms or molecules of a solid are packed closely together and those of a liquid are packed loosely. The molecules of vapor are not packed together at all, they are free of the move. In order to oxidize, the combustible matter must be pretty well surrounded by oxygen molecules. The molecules of solids and liquids to tightly packed to be surrounded by oxygen. Thus, the only vapor can barn.
However, when a solid or liquid is heated, its molecules move about rapidly. If enough heat is applied, some molecules breakaways from the surface to form Vapor, just above the surface. This vapor can now be mixed with oxygen. If there is enough heat to raise the vapor to its ignition temperature and if there is enough oxygen present. The vapor will be oxidized rapidly, it will Burn.
FIRE TRIANGLE: -
The components of combustion; fuel, oxygen, the side of a triangle can represent ignition temperature. For many years, the principal of Fire extinguishment has Center on the "Fire Triangle."
FIRE PYRAMID: -
Remodeling the "Fire Triangle" into a "Fire Pyramid" presents a more realistic concept of extinguishment. The pyramid has sides or faces, one for each of the four ways to extinguish a fire. Because each face is directly adjacent to and connected to each of the other three, a pyramid accurately represents the intendancy that the three components and the chemical chain reaction have with respect to one another. The removal of one or more of the faces will make the pyramid incomplete and result in extinguishment.
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL: -
SOLID- such as wood, paper, fibrous, material, etc; burn with aglow and a flame.
LIQUIDS- must first be vaporized and burned with a flame.
GASEOUS- mater such as Natural gas burns with a flame only.
SOLID FUELS: -
The most obvious solid fuels are Wood, paper, and cloth. Before solid fuel will burn, it must be changed to a vapor state. If the vapor mixes sufficiently with air is heated to a high enough temperature (by a flame, spark, hot motor, etc) combustion results.
COMBUSTIBILITY: -
The term combustibility is used in the case of flammable solids. It means the ability of a solid material to catch fire. Combustibility of solid depends on:
Ignition temperature and
Particle size
For a given ignition temperature, a reduction in particle size will increase combustibility.
IGNITION TEMPERATURE: - The ignition temperature of a substance (solid, liquid, or gas) is the lowest temperature at which sustained combustion will occur without the application of a spark or a flame. It is self-evident that a material with a low ignition temperature will catch fire more easily than a material with a high ignition temperature. The ignition temperature also varies with bulk, pressure, oxygen concentration, and other factors.
PARTICLE SIZE: - If a given solid fuel is finely divided, it can reach its ignition temperature, more quickly, iron, aluminum, and magnesium catch fire easily when they are in powder form. An iron rod and aluminum kettles do not catch fire.
LIQUID FUELS: -
The flammable liquid is petrol, corrosion, diesel oil, etc. The rate of vapor release is greater for liquids than solids since liquids have fewer packed molecules.
Flashpoint: -
The flashpoint is the lowest temperature of a flammable liquid at which sufficient vapor is released by the liquid to form a flammable Vapor air mixture at atmospheric pressure. The flammability of a liquid is largely determined by its Flashpoint. Flammable liquids are classified according to their Flashpoint.
Highly Flammable:- Flashpoint less than 21 degrees Centigrade. The liquids again classified as:
Immiscible or sparingly soluble with water such as Benzene, petrol, or Ether.
Miscible with water in any proportion such as Acetone, Ethanol, etc.
FLAMMABLE:- Flashpoint 21 degrees Centigrade to 55 degrees Centigrade, Petroleum, Kerosene, etc.
NOT READILY FLAMMABLE: - Flashpoint 55 degrees Centigrade to 100 degrees Centigrade, Diesel oil, Fuel oil, etc.
GASEOUS FUELS: - Gaseous fuels are already in the required vapor state. Only the vapor intermixes with oxygen and sufficient heat is needed for ignition.
FIRE CLASSES:-
Fire can be classified as follows:
CLASS A: - Fire involving ordinary combustible materials, such as paper, cloth, wood, etc.
CLASS B: - Fires in flammable liquids, greases, and similar materials.
CLASS C: - Fire is flammable gases (natural gas, ammonia, etc.
CLASS D: - Fair is combustible materials magnesium, lithium, aluminum, sodium, etc.
CLASS E: - Fair is live electrical equipment.
CASES OF FIRE:-
A fire can be started in the following ways
A naked Flame such as Bunsen burner, smoking, matches, etc.
Glowing or hot surfaces such as Steam pipelines, Furnaces, Hot Plates, ovens, etc.
Electric equipment, Sparks, friction, static electricity, etc.
FIRE EXTENSION: -
When a fire breaks out the first few moments are the most important and the following rules must be observed.
Report the fire department immediately even if you think you can put it out by yourself.
Remain claim and proceed methodically.
Always gives first priority to save lives.
FIRE EXTENSION PROCEDURE:-
The fire extension procedure can be summarized as follow:
After reporting the fire department to try to deal with it with any suitable extinguishing agent that is two hands.
Get close to the fire as is as safe as possible.
Stop all machines immediately.
Shut doors and windows and switch off ventilators and extractors.
Everyone who is not helping to put out the fire must leave quickly and in an orderly.
FIRE PREVENTION:-
To minimize the damage caused by fire, the following precaution is to be taken-
Fire alarm system,
Detectors,
Buzzer,
Light alarm.
Fire Extinguishing System,
Portable Extinguishers:- Water, CO2, Power extinguishers.
Mobile Installation:- a). Trolly mounted extinguishers, b). Mobile fire bridge equipment,
Fixed Installations:- Fire hydrant, Sprinkler, Drencher.
Fire Showers And Fire Blankets:- If someone catches fire, the fire can be put.
FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS:-
The following extinguishing is widely used in the process plant.
Water,
Send,
Carbon Dioxide,
Foam,
Extinguishing Powder,
Halon Gas.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:-
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Extinguishers normally operate by the use of gas pressure in the upper part of the container, which forces the extinguishing medium out through a nozzle. The required pressure is produced by one of the following methods.
Soda Acid Extinguisher:-
This type of extinguisher uses sodium bicarbonate and sulfuric acid as a reactant. By the reaction of these chemicals, CO2 is generated which acts as an excellent gas for all of the extinguishers.
In a soda acid extinguisher, the following reaction takes place.
NaHCO3 + H2SO4 = NaSO4 + CO2 + H2O.
Foam Extinguisher:-
In foam extinguish the following reaction takes place to produce a form containing CO2 bubbles and the gas pressure itself causes the discharge.
NaHCO3 + Al2(SO4) + H2O = Al2(OH)3 + Na2SO4 + CO2
A recent development is Film Forming Fluoroprotein (FFFP) extinguisher which can tackle Class A and B fires, including those involving 'polar' products (alcohol, etc) on which most foam extinguishers are ineffective.
Powder Extinguisher:-
The powder used in extinguishing or controlling fires is composed of very small practicals of appropriate chemicals. Different chemicals are effective in different classes of Fire. The powder is classified according to there potential application.
BC Powder (Basic chemicals are NaHCO3, KHCO3, and KCl) The most effective extinguishing powder for use against class BC fires is based on the salts of the alkali metals like Sodium, Potassium, etc.
ABC Powder (Basic chemicals is (NH4)3PO4) The most popular class ABC extinguishing powder is based on Ammonium Phosphate.
D Powder (Basic chemicals NaCl) The spacial extinguishing powder has been developed which is capable of extinguishing or at least controlling fire involving metals.
Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher:-
Carbon Dioxide is used to extinguish flammable liquid fires and Fires involving live electrical equipment. It is also widely used as an extinguishing medium in fixed installation and also in portable extinguishers with capacities ranging from 0.9 to 6.8 kg liquefied gas. Carbon Dioxide and Halon gases affect the global environment. So the use of these gases is forbidden in our country.
You can get good-quality fire protection tools from the Amazon link below. Their product quality is good. They are the best sellers of Amazon Fire Tools.
Best Sellers in Fire Safety.
First Alert 1038789 Standard Home Fire Extinguisher.
Visit the FIRST ALERT Store.
Below I share links to Amazon's essential fire extinguishers so we can all use them as a warning against fire accidents in our workplace or to present you Amazon's best products for example.
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