Principle Of Industrial Catalyst And Classification Of Catalyst. Principle Of Industrial Catalyst : An industrial catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without undergoing any significant change in its own chemical composition. Catalysts work by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, thereby increasing the reaction rate. They provide an alternative pathway for the reaction to take place, which requires less energy and allows the reaction to proceed at milder conditions such as lower temperatures and pressures. Industrial catalysts are used in a wide range of chemical processes, including petrochemicals, refining, polymerization, and environmental applications. Classification Of Industrial Catalyst : Industrial catalysts can be classified into four main groups: 01. Homogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts are soluble in the reaction medium and are used mainly in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. 02. Heteroge...
The components used to create the pipeline network are called pipe fittings. Such as- socket, T-joint, Flange, Union socket, Elbow, Bend, etc.
#Flange;- The flange is a metal disc that has a borehole in the center, to hold a pipe and it has at least four boltholes around the borehole. It is used to attach two pipes by welding, brazing or tread at the ends of the pipe.
#Socket;- Inside the sockets are internally threaded, which is used for joint two pipelines straightly. Reducing socket is used if two pipelines diameter is different.
#Union Socket;- Union socket is used to like a socket. Two pipelines are used to attach straight to the long pipeline network, they facilitate during maintenance work. Therefore, union socket is sometimes installed in pipeline fabrication instead of a socket.
#Reducer;- Reducers are used to connect two different diameters of pipes to reduce fluid mass.
Two types of reducers are;-
01. Concentric reducer and
02. Eccentric reducers.
#90-Degree Elbow;- 90-Degree Elbow is used to make the pipeline 90 degrees angle.
#Bend;- Bend also used to bend the pipeline to a 90-degree angle, but the band's arc radius is larger than the Elbow, so the friction loss here is less.
#T-joint;- T-joints are used to create a single branch line at a 90-degree angle from the mainline of the pipe.
#Cross Joint;- Cross Joint used to create a reverse branch line at a 90-degree angle from the mainline of the pipeline.
#Expansion joint;- Expansion joints are used to absorb the thermal contraction and expansion of the pipeline. Expansion drops everywhere that are unrealistic and ineffective.
#Cap & Plug;- Caps and plugs are used to temporarily close the edges of the pipeline.
#Hexagonal Nipple;- The hexagonal Nipple is used to connect two internal threaded pipe fittings. For maintenance work used to the pipe range, this has a hexagonal on the edges.
#Nuts and Bolt;- Nuts and bolts are used to joint in the flange of the two pipes.
#Flange;- The flange is a metal disc that has a borehole in the center, to hold a pipe and it has at least four boltholes around the borehole. It is used to attach two pipes by welding, brazing or tread at the ends of the pipe.
#Socket;- Inside the sockets are internally threaded, which is used for joint two pipelines straightly. Reducing socket is used if two pipelines diameter is different.
#Union Socket;- Union socket is used to like a socket. Two pipelines are used to attach straight to the long pipeline network, they facilitate during maintenance work. Therefore, union socket is sometimes installed in pipeline fabrication instead of a socket.
#Reducer;- Reducers are used to connect two different diameters of pipes to reduce fluid mass.
Two types of reducers are;-
01. Concentric reducer and
02. Eccentric reducers.
#90-Degree Elbow;- 90-Degree Elbow is used to make the pipeline 90 degrees angle.
#Bend;- Bend also used to bend the pipeline to a 90-degree angle, but the band's arc radius is larger than the Elbow, so the friction loss here is less.
#T-joint;- T-joints are used to create a single branch line at a 90-degree angle from the mainline of the pipe.
#Cross Joint;- Cross Joint used to create a reverse branch line at a 90-degree angle from the mainline of the pipeline.
#Expansion joint;- Expansion joints are used to absorb the thermal contraction and expansion of the pipeline. Expansion drops everywhere that are unrealistic and ineffective.
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#Cap & Plug;- Caps and plugs are used to temporarily close the edges of the pipeline.
#Hexagonal Nipple;- The hexagonal Nipple is used to connect two internal threaded pipe fittings. For maintenance work used to the pipe range, this has a hexagonal on the edges.
#Nuts and Bolt;- Nuts and bolts are used to joint in the flange of the two pipes.
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