Skip to main content

Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs) Of The Steam Turbine.

Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs) Of The Steam Turbine.

 

A Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs) of the steam turbine is a set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization for employees to perform an operation or a process about the steam turbine 100% accurately and safely. The goal of SOPs is to achieve uniformity of efficiency, quality output, and performance where there is a reduction in miscommunication and failure to comply with industry rules.

A turbine is a prime mover or machine that rotates with a constant change of momentum. There are many types of turbines available, such as steam turbines, water turbines, gas turbines, wind turbines, sea wave turbines, etc. The steam turbine is an ideal prime mover and has multiple uses. Larger steam turbines are used to operate generators in power plants and smaller turbines can be used to run pumps and fans. Steam turbines can range from 0.5 to 200,000 HP or Horsepower.

 

Large or small turbines in the industrial field have to be operated very efficiently. We know that steam turbines are rotated by converting heat energy into kinetic energy. The shaft of the pump, compressor, or generator is attached to the shaft of this turbine, so that the pump, compressor, the generator will rotate along with the turbine.

Since we are talking about The Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs) Of the Steam Turbine.  We try to find out how the industrial turbines are Start-Up or how they are operated.

 

# Steps Of Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs) Of The Steam Turbine:-

The most notable aspect of The Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs) of Steam Turbines is the heating-up procedure of the turbine. The turbine heating-up procedure is done very carefully. Since the turbine is rotated by transferring the kinetic energy from the heat energy of the steam to the blade of the turbine. Therefore slowly increased the temperature of the turbine to the optimum temperature. Where the condensate does not form as soon as it enters the steam turbine. It is very dangerous for turbines. This condensate can break the turbine blade and the turbine blade can break due to thermal shock. The turbines have to be operated according to the heating-up procedure usually provided by the organization or the turbine manufacturer.

  

  • Pre-Heating Up Procedure Of The Steam Turbine.

  • Heating-Up Procedure Of The Steam Turbine.

  • Inspection Works Before Start-Up.

  • Pre Start-Up Check Points.

  • Start-Up Procedures Of The Steam Turbine.

  • Post-Start-Up Check Points.

  • CheckPoints During Normal Operation.

  • Shutdown Works.  

 

# Pre-Heating Up Procedure Of The Steam Turbine.

  • Lube oil circulation must be ensured before heating up.

  • During heating-up must be rotor will turn by a motor or turning gear manually.

  • The casing drain of the turbine should be kept open.

  • Steam should be introduced very slowly by the steam equalizing line.

  • Of course, in the first 3 hours, the temperature should be increased at the rate of 30°C/H.

  • Usually, Steam condensate will come out with a casing drain at 100 to 150°C.

 

# Heating-Up Procedure Of Steam Turbine.

  • During heating-up must be rotor will turn by a motor or turning gear manually.

  • Steam must be increased through the heating-up line.

  • Now the temperature should be increased at the rate of 50°C/H.

  • The main steam Inlet and outlet valve should be closed.

  • Monitor the Lube oil circulation system.

  • Monitor Lube oil filter differential pressure.

  • Dry steam can be seen through the casing drain when the turbine casing temperature exceeds 350°C.

  • Then all draining steam will come out dry.

 

 # Inspection Works Before Start-Up Procedure Of Steam Turbine.

  • Pipe Cleanliness.

  • During heating-up must be rotor will turn by a motor or turning gear manually.

  • Alignment Of Pump Or Compressor.

  • Rotation Of Rotor.

  • Pump Or Compressor Bearings.

  • Sight Gase Glass.

  • Lube oil System.

  • Lubricants.

  • Cooling Water System.

  • Pump Or Compressor Exterior.

  • Pump Or Compressor Driver Or Turbine.

  • Priming And Barring.

  • Pump Or Compressor Auxiliary Piping. 

 

# Pre Start-Up Check Points.

  • The lubrication system of all bearing points must be checked.

  • Cooling water must be circulating through all water cooling systems.

  • Prime mover power (electricity or Steam, etc as a driving force) should be checked.

  • Rotate the Pump rotor by hand.

  • level of liquid at the suction side should be checked.

  • The delivery valve closed for Centrifugal Pump otherwise delivery valve should be open.

  • The pump should be warmed gradually by slowly circulating hot liquid through the pump.

  • The spill-back line or bypass line should be open.

  • All Cooling Water System.

 

# Start-Up Procedures Of The Steam Turbine.

  • The suction valve should be open.

  • Priming should be performed properly.

  • The re-circulation valve or spill-back line should be opened.

  • Now ready to increase the turbine RPM by steam regulating valve.

  • RPM will increase gradually by the turbine governor's wheel.

  • Hold 10 minutes after the 1000 RPM of the turbine.

  • Monitor all parameters of the driver and pump or compressor.

  • The casing drains of the turbine should be gently closed as soon as the steam inlet valve is opened.

  • The Monitor Condenser vacuum system works properly.

  • Monitor turbine ejector system works properly.

  • The critical speed of the turbine must be exceeded quickly.

  • When the pump or compressor reached normal operating pressure open the discharge valve slowly.

  • Keep normal the condenser level control system.

 

# Post-Start-Up Check Points. 

  • Monitor the steam temperature.

  • Process parameters such as pressure, temperature, flow, etc.

  • Temperature and vibration of all bearing points.

  • Abnormal Sound.

  • The Monitor Condenser vacuum system works properly.

  • Monitor turbine ejector system works properly.

  • Keep normal the condenser level control system.

  • Monitor Turbine load or Steam Consumption.

  • Check the leakage from the stuffing box.

  • Adjust sealing water.

  • Check the bearing lube oil flow and pressure.

  • Check the suction, discharge, lube oil, cooling water, pressure, and temperature.

 

# CheckPoints During Normal Operation.

  • Bearing temperature.

  • Suction and discharge pressure.

  • Lube oil temperature and pressure.

  • Cooling water suction and discharge temperature.

  • Discharge flow.

  • Seal leakage.

  • Oil level at all bearing points.

  • Driving side energy consumption.

  • Vibration and abnormal sound.

  • Monitor steam Consumption of turbine.

  • The oil level of oil reserves.

 

# Shutdown Works Of The Steam Turbine.

When a turbine operates at a high speed the following steps are to be adopted to shut down the turbine.

  • Open the Spielback or bypass line or anti-surge line or compressor balance line.

  • Monitor Vibration and abnormal sound.

  • Slowly Decrease the RPM of the turbine.

  • The critical speed of the turbine must be exceeded quickly.

  • Slowly shut off the steam valve, and close the discharge valve fully.

  • Do not shut off the cooling and sealing liquid Supply until the shaft has stopped turning fully.

  • Monitor all Bearing temperatures.

  • The casing drains of the turbine should be gently opened as soon as the steam inlet valve is closed.

  • During cool-down must be rotor will turn by motor or turning gear manually.

 

PLEASE READ MORE.....

  1. Industrial Catalyst And Classification.
  2. Electrical Hazards And Precautions.
  3. Renewable, Sustainable, Clean, or Green Energy.
  4. What Is Renewable Energy Or Renewable Resources, Or Clean Energy?
  5. Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs) Of The Steam Turbine.
  6. What Is Vacuum Hazard?Power Plant And Types Of Power Plants.
  7. Electrical Wiring Or Cabling। Classifications Of Electrical Wiring।

Power Plant And Types Of Power Plants.

  1. Steam Boiler। Mountings And Accessories Of Boiler.
  2. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Of The Steam Turbine.
  3. Metals। Used, Properties, Classification, And Types Of Metals.
  4. The Best Way To Search, Emergency Escape, And Rescue Operations From Accidents.
  5. What Is Distillation Process? Kinds Of Distillation Process.
  6. What Is Electrical Measuring Instrument And Testing Equipments.
  7. The Blessing Of Science In Modern Civilization Is The AC Motor Or DC Motor.
  8. The Mechanical Power Transmission System Or Energy Transfer.
  9. Troubleshooting, Checklist, And Solution Of Positive Displacement Pump.
  10. What is Packed Tower, Packing Elements, Function Of Packing Elements?
  11. Housekeeping Promotes Occupational Safety, Industrial Safety, or Workplace Safety.
  12. Industrial Static Vessels And Towers.
  13. How To Use Natural Gas In Petrochemical Plant.
  14. Question With Answer About Turbine Or Compressor Lube Oil Systems.
  15. Question With Answer About Turbine And Compressor In Process Industries 02.
  16. Question With Answer About Turbine And Compressor In Process Plant 01.
  17. What Is Compressor And Compression System? Working Principal Of Compressor.
  18. Sewage Or Wastewater Treatment Process.
  19. Explosion Hazard And How To Prevent It?
  20. How To Prevent Fire Hazards In The Workplace?
  21. Accident And Its Prevention In Work Place.
  22. Occupational Safety And Safety Requirements In Industries.
  23. Different Type Of Boiler. Boiler Operation And Operation Coefficient.
  24. Pump Cavitation And Prevention.
  25. Pumps & How It Works?
  26. Centrifugal Pump Checklist, Troubleshooting And Solution.
  27. What Is Seal And Types Of Seal?
  28. Safety Measures Associated With Confined Space.
  29. Why Static Charge Is Dangerous In Industrial Or Manufacturing Industries.
  30. What About Cooling Tower? Types Of Cooling Tower.
  31. What Is Gas Hydrate.How To Prevent It?
  32. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Types Of PPE.
  33. What Is Filter Or Separator? Types Of Filters.
  34. What Is Strainer? Types of strainer.
  35. What Is Lubricant And Properties Of Lubricant?
  36. The Steam Turbine, Classification Of Steam Turbine And How It Works?
  37. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Types Of PPE.
  38. What Is Filter? Types Of Filters.
  39. What Is Rupture Disc, How It Work?
  40. Let's know about general pipe fittings commonly needed in the industry.
  41. What Is Steam Traps?
  42. What is Fire Point, Smoke Point, Freezing Point, Dew Point, Flash Point, Pour Point, Boiling Point, Bubble Point?
  43. What is Critical Point,Surge point,Yield point,Aniline point,Triple Point,Melting Point,Auto ignition Point?
  44. Types Of Control Valve.
  45. Bearing And Different Types Of Bearing.
  46. What Means Process, Process Symbol, Process Diagram?
  47. About Heat Exchanger.
  48. Difference between Pressure Safety Valve and Pressure Relief Valve.
  49. About Check Valve.
  50. Why SHIPHON TUBE Is Used On Steam Pipeline?
  51. What Is Conservation Vent Valve?
  52. Different Types of valves.
  53. General Checklist List for Pre-start and Starting up the Centrifugal Pumps.
  54. Liquefaction Process Technologies for LNG Production.
  55. What Is Hydrostatic Test.
  56. What Is Deaeration Process? How To Remove O2, From Boiler Feed Water?
  57. Pumps Operation in Series and Parallel.
  58. Why Need To Maintain In Process Steam Quality.
  59. Why we need to close the(discharge) isolation valve of a centrifugal pump during start up.
  60. What Is A Steam Turbine.
  61. STEAM EJECTOR WORKING PRINCIPL.
  62. Glycol Dehydration Basic Process.
  63. Why Needs Tank blanketing In Process Plant.
  64. Let's Know About Industrial Storage Tanks.
  65. What Is Gas Hydrate. How To Create It On Pipeline And How To Prevent It?
  66. What Is Pumps " NPSHr “ Net Positive Suction Head?
  67. What Is Methanol – CH3OH?
  68. How does a liquid ring vacuum pump work.
  69. Difference between LNG, LPG and NGL.
  70. What About Cooling Tower? Types Of Cooling Tower.
  71. What Is Conservation Vent Valve.
  72. Why do we use deaerators In Process Plant?
  73. General Checklist List the Essential Steps and precautions for Pre start and Starting up the Centrifugal Pumps.
  74. How To H2 Production In Process Plant.
  75. Why Static Charge Is Dangerous In Industrial Or Manufacturing Industries.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

General Checklist List for Pre-start and Starting up the Centrifugal Pumps.

General Checklist the Essential Steps and precautions for Pre-start and Starting up the Centrifugal Pumps . # What’s the things you Should be attention physically? # General centrifugal pump start up procedure:- Before pump start-up you must perform these tasks:- *01.  Open the suction valve , do priming by venting all the air inside the suction line by opening any vent or even the PG vent till liquid coming out then close , now you confirm no air inside the system to reduce the chances of pump getting cavitation *02.   Open any re-circulation  or cooling lines. *03.   Fully close or partially open the discharge valve, depending on system conditions. *04.   Start the driver. *05.   Slowly open the discharge valve until the pump reaches the desired flow. *06.   Check the pressure gauge to ensure that the pump quickly reaches the correct discharge pressure. *07.   If the pump fail to reach the correct pre...

Different Types of valves

Different Types of valves Different Types of valves uses in different sectors. 1.  Globe valve:- 2.  Gate valve:- 3.  Ball valve:- 4.  Butterfly valve:- 5.  Diaphragm valve:- 6.  Plug valve:- 7.  Needle valve:- 8.  Angle valve:- 9.  Pinch valve:- 10.  Slide valve:- 11.  Flush bottom valve:-   12.  Solenoid valve:- 13.  Control Valve:- 14.  Flow regulating valve:- 15.  Back pressure regulating valve:- 16.  Y-type valve:- 17.  Piston valve:- 18.  Pressure regulating valve:- 19.  Check valve:- PLEASE READ MORE..... Industrial Catalyst And Classification. Electrical Hazards And Precautions. Renewable, Sustainable, Clean, or Green Energy. What Is Renewable Energy Or Renewable Resources, Or Clean Energy? Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs) Of The Steam Turbine. What Is Vacuum Hazard? Power Plant And Types Of Power Plants...

What is Fire Point, Smoke Point, Freezing Point, Dew Point, Flash Point, Pour Point, Boiling Point, Bubble Point?

# Fire Point :-  The lowest temperature at which the vapor of that fuel will continue to burn for at least 5 seconds after ignition by an open flame. #Smoke Point:-   The temperature at which, under specific and defined conditions, an oil begins to produce a continuous bluish smoke that becomes clearly visible. #Freezing Point:-  The temperature at which water changes phase from a liquid to a solid. # Dew Point:-   T he temperature at which air is saturated with water vapor. # Flash Point:-  T he lowest temperature at which enough fluid can  evaporate to form a combustible concentration of gas. #Pour Point:- The lowest temperature at which the oil will pour or flow when it is cooled without stirring. #Boiling Point:-   The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere on the liquid. #Bubble Point:-   The temperature wh...

Industrial Catalyst And Classification.

Principle Of Industrial Catalyst And Classification Of Catalyst.   Principle Of Industrial Catalyst : An industrial catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without undergoing any significant change in its own chemical composition. Catalysts work by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, thereby increasing the reaction rate. They provide an alternative pathway for the reaction to take place, which requires less energy and allows the reaction to proceed at milder conditions such as lower temperatures and pressures. Industrial catalysts are used in a wide range of chemical processes, including petrochemicals, refining, polymerization, and environmental applications. Classification Of Industrial Catalyst : Industrial catalysts can be classified into four main groups: 01. Homogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts are soluble in the reaction medium and are used mainly in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. 02. Heteroge...

Difference between LNG, LPG and NGL

✅ LNG — Liquefied Natural Gas, is gas that has been Liquified at very low temp. and is transported as a liquid. It’s Primarily methane ,NG is a mixture of HC which, when liquefied, form a clear colorless,odorless liquid; it’s usually transported and stored at a temp. very close to its boiling point at atmospheric pressure (~ -160), The actual composition of LNG will vary depending on its source and on the liquefaction process, but in all cases the major is methane with small percentages of the heavier HC such as ethane, propane, butane and pentane ,N2 may be present.  ✅ LPG — Liquefied Petroleum Gas gas that is liquid near room temperature and at some extent of pressure. This product has very little methane and butane and is primarily propane (C3),LPG is more dense (has a higher specific gravity) than natural gas ,Their common characteristic is that they can be compressed into liquid at relatively low pressures ,The two most common LPG constitutes are Propane and Butan...